Military Battery Requirements:
Voltage and Current: Military batteries must meet the voltage and current requirements of military equipment and systems. Typically, the voltage range for military batteries is 1.5V-6V, and they should have a substantial output capability to meet the power demands of various military devices.
Capacity: Capacity refers to the total amount of electrical energy a battery can provide under specific conditions. To meet the demands of prolonged, high-intensity operations, military batteries should have a high capacity while ensuring rapid recharging under specific conditions.
Lifespan: The lifespan of military batteries is the duration during which a battery can maintain its rated capacity under certain charging and discharging conditions. The lifespan of military batteries should meet the requirements of military applications, ensuring a stable electrical output under specified charging and discharging conditions.
Environment and Adaptability: Military batteries should operate normally in various harsh environments, including high temperatures, low temperatures, humidity, and vibrations. Additionally, military batteries should have characteristics such as resistance to electromagnetic interference, explosion resistance, and resistance to salt spray, meeting the special requirements of military equipment and systems.
Efficiency: The efficiency of military batteries refers to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy during use. High-efficiency military batteries provide a more stable electrical output while reducing adverse effects such as heat loss and self-discharge. Measures such as using highly conductive materials and optimizing electrode structures can be employed to improve battery efficiency.
Overcharge Protection: Military batteries should have the capability to prevent overcharging during the charging process to protect the battery from damage. Overcharging can lead to a decline in battery performance or even damage, so military batteries should incorporate overcharge protection functions. This ensures that the battery automatically cuts off the charging circuit after reaching full charge, preventing damage due to overcharging.
Types of Military Batteries:
- Military Lithium Polymer Batteries: These batteries are characterized by high energy density, lightweight, customizable shapes, stable discharge, and support for high-rate discharge. They are primarily used in portable military equipment, such as communication devices.
Gel Batteries: Gel batteries provide stable power, have low manufacturing costs, but are not suitable for high-rate discharge, and they are relatively heavy. Their capacity is lower than lithium polymer batteries, so they are primarily used in vehicular electronic equipment.
- Military Liquid Batteries: This category of batteries is primarily composed of liquid lithium-ion batteries, with a small proportion being lead-acid batteries.
Applications of Military Batteries: The application of military batteries covers a wide range of military branches, including infantry individual systems, army tanks, special communication equipment, submarines, underwater robots, unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, satellites, and spacecraft. The high energy density, long battery life, and significant volume and weight of military equipment power sources are crucial factors influencing the combat capabilities of armed forces. Lithium batteries, with advantages such as high energy density, small size, light weight, long cycle life, low self-discharge, no memory effect, good low-temperature performance, reliable use, low maintenance costs, fast charging capability, and long discharge time at high currents, are the preferred choice for military equipment power sources.
Differences Between Military and Civilian Batteries:
Definition:
- Civilian batteries are simply understood as batteries used in daily life for small to medium-sized devices, such as flashlight batteries.
- Military batteries are batteries used in the military sector, primarily providing power for vehicles, weapons, communication, and other electrical equipment.
Manufacturing Materials:
- Civilian batteries have relatively low requirements for manufacturing materials, as long as they meet basic requirements for energy storage and a certain lifespan.
- Military batteries have higher requirements for electrode materials, such as a large surface area and porosity, good conductivity and heat transfer, and high energy density.
Functionality:
- Compared to civilian batteries, military lithium batteries have stronger overall performance, longer battery life, higher conductivity, better durability and rate capability, and better resistance to high and low temperatures and radiation.
